In 2020, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Morocco signed agreements establishing diplomatic relations with Israel (Foreign Policy, Brookings, Al Jazeera). Sudan also signed the Abraham Accords promising to establish relations, but unlike the other signatories, did not immediately follow up with a bilateral agreement, due in large part to political instability in Sudan (Al Jazeera). A military coup in October 2021 further delayed normalization efforts (CNN).